ੳ

o as in orange

ਅ

a as in apple

ੲ

e as in engine

ਸ

s as in sun

ਹ

h as in hat

ਕ

k as in kite

ਖ

kh as in khaki

ਗ

g as in game

ਘ

gh as in ghost

ਙ

ng as in sing

ਚ

ch as in chat

ਛ

chh as in church

ਜ

j as in jug

ਝ

jh as in joyful

ਞ

ny as in canyon

ਟ

t as in talk (with a stronger t sound)

ਠ

th as in thanks

ਡ

d as in dog

ਢ

dh as in this

ਣ

n as in nose

ਤ

t as in star

ਥ

th as in thorn

ਦ

d as in door

ਧ

dh as in adhere

ਨ

n as in nice

ਪ

p as in pope

ਫ

ph as in phone

ਬ

b as in bat

ਭ

bh as in abhor

ਮ

m as in mum

ਯ

y as in yes

ਰ

r as in run

ਲ

l as in lamp

ਵ

v as in van

ੜ

ਸ਼

sh as in shy

ਖ਼

a harsh kh sound

ਗ਼

gh as in ghastly

ਜ਼

z as in zebra

ਫ਼

f as in fun